Dirham

Dirham

Introduction:
Dirhem or Dirham dirhm (درهم) was and, in some cases, still may be a unit of currency in several Arab states. It was at one time the connected unit of mass (the Ottoman dram) within the empire and recent Persian states. The name derives from the name of the traditional Greek currency, drachma.

Unit of mass:

The dirham was a unit of weight used across North Africa, the Middle East, and Persia, with varying values.

In the late Turkish Empire (Ottoman Turkish درهم), the quality dirham was three.207 g;four hundred dirhem equal one oka. The Ottoman dirham was supported the Sassanian drachm, that was itself supported the Roman dram/drachm.

In Egypt in 1895, it had been such as forty seven.661 troy grains (3.088 g).

There is presently a movement at intervals the monotheism world to revive the Dirham as a unit of mass for mensuration silver, though the precise price is controversial (either three grams or 2.975 grams)[citation needed].

History:

Silver hoard from Lublin-Czechów, comprising 214 silver dirhams issued between 711/712 and 882/883 AD, urban center deposit.

The word "dirham" comes from drachma (δραχμή), the Greek coin.The Greek-speaking Byzantine Empire controlled the Levant and traded with Arabia, circulating the coin there in pre-Islamic times and afterward. It was this currency that was at the start adopted as Associate in Nursing Arab word; then close to the tip of the seventh century the coin became Associate in Nursing Islamic currency bearing the name of the sovereign and a religious verse. The dirham was affected in several Mediterranean countries, as well as Al-Andalus (Moorish Spain) and therefore the Byzantium (miliaresion), and could be used as currency in Europe between the 10th and 12th centuries, notably in areas with Northman connections, such as Viking York and Dublin.

Dirham in Jewish orthodox law:

The dirham is often mentioned in someone orthodox law as a unit of weight wont to live numerous necessities in spiritual functions, like the load in silver currency pledged in wedding Contracts (Ketubbah), the amount of flour requiring the separation of the dough-portion, etc. Jewish physician and philosopher, Maimonides, uses the Egyptian dirham to approximate the quantity of flour for dough-portion, writing in Mishnah Eduyot 1:2: "...And I found the rate of the dough-portion during this activity to be roughly five-hundred and twenty dirhams of flour, whereas of these dirhams ar the Egyptian [dirham]." This view is repeated by Maran's Shulhan Arukh (Hil. Hallah, Yoreh Deah § 324:3) in the name of the Tur. In Maimonides' statement of the piece of writing (Eduyot 1:2, note 18), Rabbi Yosef Qafih explains that the weight of each Egyptian dirham was approximately 3.333 grammes,or what was the equivalent to 16 carob-grain which, when taken together, the minimum weight of flour requiring the separation of the dough-portion comes to approx. 1 kilo and 733 grammes. Rabbi Ovadiah Yosef, in his Sefer Halikhot ʿOlam (vol. 1, pp. 288-291), makes use of a unique customary for the Egyptian dirham, locution that it weighed approx. 3.0 grammes, that means the minimum demand for separating the priest's portion is one weight unit and 560 grammes. Others (e.g. Rabbi Avraham Chaim Naeh) say the Egyptian dirham weighed approx. 3.205 grammes,which total weight for the requirement of separating the dough-portion comes to 1 kilo and 666 grammes. Rabbi Shelomo Qorah (Chief Rabbi of Bnei Barak) writes that the traditional weight used in Yemen for each dirham weighed 3.36 grammes,ng the total weight for the required separation of the dough-portion to be one weight unit and 770.72 grammes.

The word drachm on (Hebrew: דרכמון), utilized in some translations of Maimonides' statement of the sacred text, has all told places constant connotation as dirham.

Modern-day currency:

Currently the valid national currencies with the name dirham square measure:

• the Moroccan dirham
• the United Arab Emirates dirham
• the Armenian dram
• Modern currencies with the subdivision dirham or dram are:
• 1 Libyan dinar is subdivided into 1,000 Dirham
• 1 Qatari riyal is subdivided into 100 Dirham
• 1 Jordanian dinar is subdivided into 10 Dirham
• 1 Tajikistani somoni is subdivided into 100 Dirham
• Also, the unofficial fashionable gold dinar is split into dirham

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